Cyber Crimes

Hello friends, My today's topic of  Basic Gyaan is about "Cyber Crimes".

     The increasing use of computer and Internet has taken us far ahead in the technical field. Today our daily life is largely dependent on it. Today there is no shortage of opportunities due to rapid technological growth and development. But these technologies have also brought many financial and security threats with them, which you should know about. In this post we will know what is Cyber ​​Crime. Also Know about latest communication technologies

      So the only way to protect yourself from the effect of Cybercrimes is that you should have knowledge about them. In this post, we will know in detail what is cybercrime? You will also learn about the types of cybercrime as well as how to avoid cyber threats.

What is CyberCrimes?

      Cybercrime word is used to widely describe criminal activity in which computer and internet is a tool, a target, or a place of criminal activity and it includes everything from electronic crash to denial of service attacks. cybercrime is also used to include classic crimes in which computers or internet are used to enable the illegal activity [12]. Usage of Internet has become a day to day routine for bulk of people for everyday activities. By end of 2016, there are going to be 462,124,989 internet users in India with a penetration of 34.8% sharing around 13.5% share of World Internet Users [8]. 

      Cyber Law took place in order to take control over the crimes committed through the computer networks or the cyberspace or through the uses of computer devices.  Description of the legal issues that are related to the uses of communication technology can be called as Cyber Law. Cyber law performs a very important role in this new era of technology. It is important as it is concerned to almost all facets of activities and transactions that take place either on the internet or other communication technology. Whether we are aware of it or not, but each action and each reaction in Cyberspace has some legal and Cyber legal views [5].  Cyber law deals with all the online transactions, activities going on the internet and cyberspace. Every action in cyberspace has cyber legal perspective. There are various cyber laws issues associated at every point of time [9].

Cyber crimes basic classification :

I. Hacking:

Hacking is identifying deficiency in computer networks to exploit its weaknesses to achieve access [9].

II. Child Pornography: 

Child pornography is pornography that exploits children for sexual incentive by child abuse images. It may be composed with the direct involvement or sexual assault of a child or it may be simulated child pornography [13]. 

III. Cyber Stalking: 

Cyber stalking is a crime in which the attacker harasses a victim using electronic communication, such as e-mail or instant messaging, or messages posted to a Web site or a discussion group [3].

IV.Denial of service Attack: 

A Denial of Service attack is an attack meant to shut down a computer or computer networks, making it inaccessible to its intended users. Denial of Service attacks achieve this by flooding the target with traffic, or sending it data that triggers a crash. [10].

V. Virus Dissemination: 

Malicious software that attaches itself to other software [2].

VI. Software Piracy: 

Theft of software through the illegal copying of genuine programs and distribution of products without any legal rights [10].

VII. IRC Crime: 

Internet Relay Chat (IRC) allow the people around the world to come together under a single platform which is sometime called as chat rooms and they chat to each other. Cyber Criminals basically uses it for meeting and Hacker uses it for discussing their techniques [5].

VIII. Credit Card Fraud:

The unlawful and illegal use of a credit card to purchase property [12].

IX. Net Extortion: 

Copying the company confidential data in order to demand money from them [14].

X. Phishing: 

Phishing attacks are the process of sending fraudulent communications that present to come from a trustworthy source. It is mostly done through email. The intention is to take sensitive data like credit card and login information, or to install virus on the victim’s device [16]. 

       Today information technology is affecting us as individual and as a society. Information technology mainly stands on both the hardware and the software of a computer and its tele-communication infrastructure. But this is only one aspect of the information technology, today the other aspects are the challenges for the whole world like cybercrimes and more over cyber terrorisms. When the founding father was developing internet, he hardly had any linking that internet could transform itself into an all extending revolution which could be misused for criminal activities and which required rules for its regulations.

                The exploitation of the technology has lead the need of employment of the cyber laws but whether this cyber laws are capable to control the cybercrime activities.

References :

1.  I. Navalagund, “Cybercrimes In India : Knowledge and Awareness Among Advocates , Suggested Remedial Measures,” Our Heritage,  no. 1, 2020.
2.      M. S. Aravazhi, “UNDERSTANDING CYBER CRIME AND CYBER LAUNDERING : THREAT AND SOLUTION EPRA,” International Journal of Research and Development ( IJRD ), vol. 7838, no. January, 2020.
3. E. Verma, “From Awareness To Action : a Cyber Security Agenda in Digital Age,” International Journal of Enhanced Research in Management & Computer Applications, vol. 07, issue 3, pp. 794–801,  2018.
4.  P. Rao, “Emerging Laws for Cyber-crime and Cyber security in India : Information Technology Act , 2000,” vol. 21, no. 16, pp. 248–251, 2019.
5.  A. Sarmah, R. Sarmah, and A. J. Baruah, “A brief study on Cyber Crime and Cyber Law ’s of India,” Int. Res. J. Eng. Technol., vol. 4, no. 6, 2017.
6.  J. Jain and P. Ram Pal, “A Recent Study over Cyber Security and its Elements,” Int. J. Adv. Res. Comput. Sci., vol. 8, no. 3, pp. 791–793, 2017.
7. B. M. Iqbal, Juneed; Beigh, “Cybercrime in India : Trends and Challenges,” Int. J. Innov. Adv. Comput. Sci., vol. 6, no. 12, pp. 187–196, 2017.
8. [8]      J. Shah, “A Study of Awareness About Cyber Laws for Indian Youth,” Int. J. Trend Sci. Res. Dev., vol. Volume-1, no. Issue-1, pp. 10–16, 2016.
9. G. Aggarwal, “General Awareness on Cyber Crime,” International Journal of Advanced Research in Computer Science and Software Engineering, vol. 5, issue no. 8, pp. 204–206, 2015.
10. E. Ramdinmawii, S. Ghisingh, and U. M. Sharma, “A Study on the Cyber-Crime and Cyber Criminals: A Global Problem,” Int. J. Web Technol., vol. 004, no. 001, pp. 7–11, 2015.
11. R. Broadhurst, P. Grabosky, M. Alazab, and S. Chon, “Organizations and cyber crime: An analysis of the nature of groups engaged in cyber crime,” Int. J. Cyber Criminol., vol. 8, no. 1, pp. 1–20, 2014.
12. S. Das and T. Nayak, “Impact of Cyber Crime: Issues and Challenges,” Int. J. Eng. Sci. Emerg. Technol., vol. 6, no. 2, pp. 142–153, 2013.
13. V. Kandpal and R. K. Singh, “Latest Face of Cybercrime and Its Prevention In India,” International Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences,  vol. 2, no. 4, pp. 150–156, 2013.
14. [14]   B. Sahu, S. K. Sahu, N. Sahu, and P. Sahu, “Identify uncertainty of cyber crime and cyber laws,” Proc. - 2013 Int. Conf. Commun. Syst. Netw. Technol. CSNT 2013, pp. 450–452, 2013.
15. S. Jeet, “Criminal Law Cyber crimes against women in India : Information Technology Act , 2000,” vol. 47, pp. 8891–8895, 2012.
16. V. K. Gandhi, “An overview study on Cyber Crimes in Internet,” J. Inf. Eng. Appl., vol. 2, no. 1, pp. 1–6, 2012.
17. A. Gillespie, “Cyber-bullying and harassment of teenagers: The legal response,” J. Soc. Welf. Fam. Law, vol. 28, no. 2, pp. 123–136, 2006.
18. "Cabinet approves Personal Data Protection Bill", The Hindu, PTI, 4 December 2019, ISSN 0971-751X, Retrieved 4 December 2019.
19. “Notification under IT(Amendment) Act, 2008”, Ministry of Electornics & IT, Government of India, Retrieved 20 January 2020.

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Cryptocurrency

Hello Friends, Our today's Basic Gyaan is about Cryptocurrency.

You must have seen many forms of money like Indian rupee, US dollar, British pound, Japanese yen and euro of Europe. These currencies are the form of Lakshmi. Most of these currencies are made of paper which you can see with your eyes, keep in your pocket and can also feel by touching them. Whichever country you go to, you have to use the currencies of the same country. But have you heard about a currency that is not visible to anyone but still it has become the world's most expensive currency. Yes, we are talking about Bitcoin. It is a type of digital currency.

CRYPTOCURRENCY

A Cryptocurrency is a digital resource created to work as a medium of exchange that uses strong cryptography to secure money transactions.

Cryptocurrency is an web-based medium of exchange which uses cryptographical tools to develop financial transactions. Cryptocurrencies uses blockchain technology to gain transparency and immutability. It is not control by any unit.

It is not controlled by any central authority and that is the most important factor of it: the decentralized essence of the blockchain makes cryptocurrencies unaffected to the old ways of government control and interference.

Cryptocurrencies can be sent directly between two units by the use of private and public keys. These transfers can be done with minimum processing cost, allowing users to avoid the steep fees charged by traditional financial organization.

BITCOIN

If internet was a country, then Bitcoin would have been the national currency of the internet. It may be that many of you may not have heard about Bitcoin and many of those who have heard, many of them may not know how it works, what is bitcoin. So today we have decided that through this post we will analyze the world's most valuable currency.

As of today (30 November, 2017) the price of a bitcoin is close to 8 lakh rupees. It is a different matter that this coin is not visible to anyone because it is a kind of digital coin.

Bitcoin is the first decentralized currency in the world (ie it has no parents, no control of RBI or any other financial institution) which is created only for the digital world.

Bitcoins can be used anytime, anywhere in the world.

Through bitcoins, any person can send money to any other person in the world and therefore no help from any bank or any third-party agencies is required.

BITCOIN is such a digital currency that you cannot see, cannot touch, it is only stored electronically. It is a coin to listen to but it is neither a coin nor a note, it is just a virtual currency.

BITCOIN WALLET

Whatever money you want to send to someone, you can transfer that money directly from your Bitcoin wallet to another person's Bitcoin wallet. By transferring money in this way, you only get about 1 rupee. 70 paise fees have to be paid, which is a very nominal amount. At this time, millions of people around the world are using Bitcoin instead of ordinary currencies. But in this financial transaction process, notes do not come in your wallet, currency does not come, but some digital codes come and these codes are the amount reached to you.

At present, the bank has to be used for the legal transaction of money in the world. Even the circulation of how many currencies will happen in a country, it is also decided by the banks and the governments there. But Bitcoin is such a system, a facility that is not controlled by any agencies, bank or government. Under Bitcoin, transactions take place directly between two people. It is a safe and superfast way of financial transactions.

How does this ECONOMY work?

You will be surprised to know that five years ago the value of one bitcoin was only five rupees and today the value of a bitcoin is close to 8 lakh rupees. Bitcoin was started on January 3, 2009 by a computer programmer named Satoshi Nakamoto. But let us tell you who is a person with this name, no one knows till this day. Some people claim to be Satoshi-naka-moto, but no one is still aware of the real parent of Bitcoin.

Since like we said above that there is no centralized authority to control bitcoin, all transactions run on trust. You trust bitcoin, I trust bitcoin, so we trade among ourselves. It is not that it has received any backup from any government or from any bank. Its trade is one to one. If I have to send bitcoin to you, I can transfer bitcoin directly to you without any bank permission or by asking anyone.

How is BITCOIN bought and sold?

Now the question is how bitcoin is earned and how bitcoin is spent? There are many ways to earn it. The easiest thing is to buy it yourself. For example, if the price of 1 bitcoin is 8 lakh rupees, then you buy a bitcoin from an authorized website / app, which deals with bitcoin. The bitcoin you buy will be stored online in your account. Later, its value decreases or increases, it is your risk. When its price will increase, you can earn good by selling it. In the next post, I will explain how you can earn by using Bitcoin.

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